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A Scottish bluebell is a harebell in England and Wales – but in all three   countries, it’s known in Latin as Campanula rotundifolia.
The new RHS Latin for Gardeners book
The real genius of the Latin is that it defines plants in just two words –   unlike their rambling English equivalents. Carl Linnaeus was the   18th-century Swedish botanist who invented the two-word, or binomial,   system.
Before he came along, there were Latin names for flowers – but they were often   long strings of words, clumsy to use and tricky to correlate.
Under Linnaeus&rsquo,doudoune moncler pas cher;s system, plants with lots of features in common were divided   up by species, genus and family. The species (the plural is also species)   are the tightest little groups, normally found in the same area. They don’t   tend to interbreed, although they can; witness the victory of the coarse   Spanish bluebell over the delicate English version.
If the species have enough characteristics in common, they are grouped   together into a genus (plural, genera). And genera with features in common   are called families, like orchids or bamboo.
So, with the Digitalis lutea – or yellow foxglove – Digitalis   (from digitus, the Latin for finger, because of the plant’s long, curving   shape) is the genus. And Digitalis lutea (from luteus, meaning   yellow) is the species name. Just at a glance, then, you know that Digitalis   purpurea – the purple foxglove – comes from the same genus as – but is a   different species from – Digitalis lutea. And they both belong   to the same plant family – Scrophulariaceae; helpfully, all   plant family names end in -aceae.
It doesn’t end there, however. The prefix “subsp.” after the species name   means “subspecies”, i.e. another group within the species group, as in Acer   negundo subsp. mexicanum (mexicanum meaning “connected   with Mexico”). If the species name has “var.”(short for &ldquo,longchamp pliage;varietas”) in front   of it, that means the plant has a slight variation in its botanical   structure, like Acer palmatum var. coreanum (meaning   “connected with Korea”). If the Latin word has a descriptive or English   proper name after it – like Rosa 'Chevy Chase’ – then it’s a garden   cultivar. That means the plant’s been cultivated for colour, smell or   foliage, and given a special name by its cultivator to sum up its special   quality.
On top of all this, the “forma” (“f.” for short) distinguishes minor   variations like the colour of the flower, as in Acer mono f. ambiguum   (meaning “doubtful”). And a hybrid – marked with a multiplication sign –   means a cross between species, like Hamamelis x intermedia (meaning   “intermediate in colour, form or habitat”).
But, still, stick just to genus and species, and you’ll get a long way. As you   learn more and more classical terms, wonderfully descriptive little stories   emerge from those two brief words. So, Eucalyptus pulverulenta comes   from Greek and Latin. Eucalyptus is derived from the two Greek words   eu (“well”) and kalyptos (“hidden”), after the calyx   that hides the plant’s flowers; while pulverulenta comes from pulvis,   the Latin for dust – because the plant has a grey, dusty patina to it.
You’ll end up learning some exceptionally beautiful words. The genus Oenanthe   comes from the Greek, meaning “wine flower”. When the stems are crushed,   they produce a scent that smells like wine (rather nicer than plants   described as zibethinus – “as disgusting-smelling as a civet cat”).
Oenanthe fistulosa (from fistulosus, meaning hollow), the   tubular dropwort, is a native British wildflower, often found on marshy   ground,jordan pas cher. Be careful, though: all oenanthes are poisonous, and Oenanthe   crocata (from crocatus, &ldquo,air jordan pas cher;saffron yellow”), or the hemlock water   dropwort, is one of the most poisonous of all British plants.
The book also tells some of the charming classical stories behind plant names.   Acanthus – the prickly leaved plant that clusters around the top of   Corinthian and composite column capitals – comes from the Greek for thorn.   In the Greek myths, the god Apollo took a real shine to the nymph Acantha.   When she scratched his face as he pounced on her, he took his revenge by   turning her into the spiky acanthus plant.
In an ideal world, it’s best to know both the English and the Latin name, as   is the case with the snake’s head fritillary (Fritillaria meleagris).   This lovely wildflower, found in British meadows, does indeed look like a   snake with its bobbing flower head. The Latin tells a different story –   meleagris means spotted like a guineafowl. But, once you know both stories,   how could you fail to recognise something shaped like a snake’s head, with   guineafowl spots? Again and again, it makes logical – and romantic – sense   for plant lovers to become Latin lovers.
Harry Mount studied Classics at Oxford. He is the author of Amo, Amas,   Amat… and All That (Short Books, £7.99),abercrombie france. His latest book is How   England Made the English (Viking, £20)
Latin for beginners
Latin gardening tips
Very often, the species – or the second of a plant’s two Latin names – will   give away where it’s from, where it likes to be planted and what it’ll look   like when fully grown.
Geographical
borealis – northern
australis – southern (as in Australia)
orientalis – eastern
occidentalis – western
Planting conditions
ammophilus – likes sandy places
salinus – keen on salt
monticolus – found growing wild in the mountains
How it’ll end up looking
scandens – a climber
repens – a creeper
nanus – dwarf
cyclops and titanus – enormous
orbicularis – flat and round, like a disc
mollis – soft, as in Alchemilla mollis
superciliaris – shaped like an eyebrow, as in the orchid Cypripedium x   superciliare
Some Latin pitfalls…
Each adjective has a masculine, feminine and neuter form, even if they are   similar: so, albus is the masculine for white,moncler; alba the   feminine; album the neuter. Also, there are often many different   words meaning very nearly the same thing, particularly if it’s a colour that   the Romans used a lot in their dyes. So flavens, flaveolus, flavescens   and flavidus all mean yellowish; only flavus means pure   yellow.
“Rugby World Cups should not be just about the finances,” Leicester chief   executive Simon Cohen told Telegraph Sport. “It should be a   battle for the heart and soul of rugby people and you would like to think   that rugby stadiums would play their part in that battle. As far as   Leicester and the Leicester fans are concerned, I think they have missed   that opportunity.
“We have played against Argentina, South Africa and Australia here.
“Rugby World Cup may well have their criteria but it is a shame those criteria   are such that Welford Road is excluded.”
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